Is there a ‘bubble’ in AI? The Illusion of the Bell

Is there a ‘bubble’ in AI

Every few months, the headlines recycle the same story with a new costume.

A bubble here. A crisis there. AI this time, crypto last time, property the time before that.

It always sounds urgent. It always feels different. But it rarely is.

Investment markets have always been noisy places – half theatre, half truth. Somewhere, a buyer and a seller meet, each convinced they’re right, and together they set a price. That price, in its quiet way, absorbs every rumour, every fear, every forecast that matters.

If everyone agreed a bubble existed, the bubble would already be gone!

That’s the strange thing about markets: they don’t move because of certainty, but because of disagreement.

Two schools of thought try to explain it:

The first says markets are efficient – that prices reflect everything we know and all the expectations we hold. The second says we’re emotional creatures, easily swayed by stories, greed, and fear, and that prices follow our moods as much as our math.

Both are partly right. Both miss something.

In the real world, markets are efficient enough that betting against them is usually a losing game – but emotional enough to make you believe you can be the exception.

That’s why bubbles feel so convincing in real time.

When everyone around you seems to be making money, it’s easy to confuse momentum with truth. Excitement masquerades as insight. FOMO starts to look like logic.

And when things turn, fear works the same way in reverse. Suddenly, the headlines that seemed hysterical a month ago sound prophetic. The brain reaches for safety, and the urge to “do something” becomes hard to resist.

Every investor faces that temptation  – to act, to time it right, to be smarter than the crowd. But every decision to exit the market quietly demands another one later: when to get back in. That second call is where most fortunes are lost.

The Evidence

Researchers once tested hundreds of market-timing systems  – 720 in total. They sliced data by geography, by company size, by valuation, and by profitability. Out of all those attempts to outsmart the market, only 30 showed any early promise. Most fell apart as soon as the test period changed. Even the promising ones depended on perfect hindsight.

Figure 1: Success of simulated market timing strategies

Data source: Another Look at Timing the Equity Premiums. Dai W, Dong A. Dimensional Fund Advisers – Research (2023). Graphic: Albion Strategic Consulting.

It turns out, even data has a sense of humour!

John Bogle, the founder of Vanguard, put it simply:

“The idea that a bell rings to signal when investors should get into or out of the stock market is simply not credible.”

There is no bell. No whisper. No algorithm that can reliably tell you when to duck or when to run.

The price already contains everything the collective market believes about risk, reward, and uncertainty. It’s the sum of millions of independent decisions  – some rational, some emotional, all human.

Could the world be in bubble territory? Sure.

Could it also be fairly priced, even cheap, depending on what the next decade brings? Absolutely.


We only find out which story was true when the book’s already closed.

So the wiser move is to accept that uncertainty is permanent. The market doesn’t owe you clarity, but it does reward patience. It always has.

Stay invested. Stay humble. Trust that over time, progress beats panic.

Because the only real bubble that never bursts is human overconfidence.

And the only timeless strategy that still works is the dullest one of all:

Stay the course.

Charles Riches

Director

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